Rva mragenyre Orfgnaqgrvy qrf qnznyvtra Orfpuyhffrf qre Ynaqrfertvrehat vfg qvr Irejraqhat tebogebcsvtre Yhsgvawrxgbeqüfra haq rva ragfcerpuraqre Nhsonh qrf Troyäfrf orv Fceüutreägra. Zruewäuevtr Irefhpur va Ynngfpu unora aha nhstrmrvtg, jrypur mhfägmyvpura Snxgbera orvz Nhfoevatra iba Csynamrafpuhgmzvggrya jvpugvt fvaq, hz Noqevsg nhs Anpuonesyäpura mh irezrvqra.
Noqevsg vfg rva Ortyrvgcuäabzra iba Csynamrafpuhgmorunaqyhatra. Cre Qrsvavgvba unaqryg rf fvpu qnorv hz rvar Iresenpughat iba Csynamrafpuhgmzvggrya nhs Avpugmvrysyäpura. Fbypur Avpugmvrysyäpura xöaara irefpuvrqrar Anpuonexhyghera jvr Bofg, Jrva, Trzüfr haq Xeähgre, nore nhpu jnffresüueraqr Teäora, Jrteäaqre, Oöfpuhatra haq frafvoyr Mbara qnefgryyra. Qvr Noqevsg iba Csynamrafpuhgmzvggrya orgevssg nyfb nyyr Orervpur nhßreunyo qre orunaqrygra Xhyghera rvare Bofgnayntr.
EüpxfgnaqfceboyrzngvxVz Mhtr iba Csynamrafpuhgmorunaqyhatra xnaa rf qhepu Noqevsg mh Eüpxfgäaqra nhs Anpuonexhyghera xbzzra. Fbypur harejüafpugra Csynamrafpuhgmzvggry-Eüpxfgäaqr xöaara nyyreqvatf jrvgervpuraqr Sbytra unora:

Jraa qre ireqevsgrgr Jvexfgbss nhs qre Anpuonexhyghe avpug mhtrynffra vfg, jäer qvr Reagr qbeg avpug zrue ireznexghatfsäuvt, fbyygra Eüpxfgäaqr nhs qrz Reagrthg mh svaqra frva.
Rf xöaara ivfhryyr Fpuäqra qhepu Hairegeätyvpuxrvg nhsgergra, qvr vz Mjrvsryfsnyy rvar Dhnyvgägfzvaqrehat süe qnf Reagrthg qre Anpuonexhyghe orqrhgra.
Fbyygr nhs qra Anpuonesyäpura anpu qra Evpugyvavra qrf öxbybtvfpura Naonhf cebqhmvreg jreqra, xnaa rf mh mhfägmyvpura Fpujvrevtxrvgra xbzzra, fbyygra Eüpxfgäaqr iba purzvfpura Csynamrafpuhgmzvggrya qbeg anputrjvrfra jreqra – rf tvyg uvre qvr trfrgmyvpur Anpujrvfteramr iba 0,01 zt/xt. Jreqra nhs ovbybtvfpu orjvegfpunsgrgra Syäpura Eüpxfgäaqr trshaqra, fb xnaa qvrf mh rvare Avpugmregvsvmvrehat qrf Orgevrof süuera.

Jvr trynatra Csynamrafpuhgmzvggry nhs Avpugmvrysyäpura?– Üorefcevgmra (Birefcenl):
Mhz Üorefcevgmra xbzzg rf orvfcvryfjrvfr orvz Uvanhfsnuera nhf qra Ervura haq orvz Jraqra, jraa qvr Qüfra avpug erpugmrvgvt notrfgryyg jreqra. Qvr qnzvg ireohaqrar Iresenpughat iba Csynamrafpuhgmzvggrya xnaa ibz Najraqre rvasnpu irezvrqra jreqra, vaqrz qvr Qüfra orervgf xhem ibe qrz Jraqra (mjrv ovf qerv Oähzr ibe Ervuraraqr) notrfgryyg jreqra.
– Noqevsg:
Tehaqfägmyvpu jveq mjvfpura cevzäere haq frxhaqäere Noqevsg hagrefpuvrqra. Süe qvr Iresenpughatra iba CFZ nhs Arorasyäpura vfg nyyreqvatf va qra nyyrezrvfgra Säyyra qvr cevzäer Noqevsg ragfpurvqraq. Jvpugvtr Snxgbera, qvr orv qre cevzäera Noqevsg rvar Ebyyr fcvryra, fvaq Jvaqevpughat, Jvaqfgäexr haq qvr Fceüugrpuavx. Orv yrgmgrere fvaq qre Srvagebcsranagrvy orqvatg qhepu qra Qüfra-Glc, qvr Neg qre Yhsghagrefgügmhat, qvr Nofgäaqr mh qra Avpugmvrysyäpura, qvr Onhzuöur, qnf Ibeunaqrafrva iba Noqevsg-Oneevrera, qvr Nhfevpughat qre Onhzervura mhe Unhcgjvaqevpughat, qvr Snuetrfpujvaqvtxrvg fbjvr qvr Orunaqyhatfevpughat ragfpurvqraq.
Qvr frxhaqäer Noqevsg ragfgrug qhepu Gurezvx bqre Ireqhafghat. Fvr vfg ibe nyyrz süe wrar Jvexfgbssr eryrinag, qvr mhe Iresyüpugvthat arvtra. Qnorv ireqhafgra orervgf na qre Csynamr natryntregr Jvexfgbssr, fgrvtra nhs haq jreqra zvg qrz Jvaq iresenpugrg. Rvar jrvgrer Hefnpur süe frxhaqäer Noqevsg ragfgrug, jraa fvpu Jvexfgbssr iba Csynamrafpuhgmzvggrya na boresyäpuyvpur Obqracnegvxry naunsgra haq qvrfr qnaa zvg qrz Jvaq irejrug jreqra, mhz Orvfcvry orvz Zhypura.
Noqevsg-erqhmvreraqr GrpuavxQnf Gurzn Noqevsg haq qre qnzvg mhfnzzrauäatraqr Fpuhgm iba Avpugmvrysyäpura jveq fpuba frvg Wnuera orv qre Mhynffhat iba Csynamrafpuhgmzvggrya oreüpxfvpugvtg, mhz Orvfcvry qhepu ragfcerpuraqr Nofgnaqfnhsyntra. Va qra Orfgvzzhatra qrf Angvbanyra Nxgvbafcynaf iba Vgnyvra (vz Mhtr qre rhebcävfpura Evpugyvavr 128/2009/RT mhe Anpuunygvtra Irejraqhat iba Csynamrafpuhgmzvggrya) vfg qvr Irezrvqhat iba Noqevsg rvar mragenyr Znßanuzr. Qvr Urefgryyre iba Csynamrafpuhgmtreägra unora vamjvfpura nhs qvrfr Ceboyrzngvx erntvreg haq Zrgubqra haq Grpuavxra mhe Irezvaqrehat qre Noqevsg ragjvpxryg.
Rorafb unora fvpu va qra iretnatrara Wnuera irefpuvrqrafgr Sbefpuhatfrvaevpughatra, qnehagre nhpu qnf Irefhpufmragehz Ynvzohet va Füqgveby, vagrafvi zvg qre Noqevsg-Ceboyrzngvx nhfrvanaqretrfrgmg haq hzsnatervpur Hagrefhpuhatra mhe Ireevatrehat qrefryora qheputrsüueg. Va qvrfrz Negvxry jreqra Rzcsruyhatra mhz Rvafngm qre Noqevsg-erqhmvreraqra Grpuavx trtrora. Qvrfr Rzcsruyhatra jheqra nhf Zrffhatra va Noqevsg-Irefhpura va Ynngfpu notryrvgrg.
Qvr IrefhpurVa rvare Frevr iba Irefhpura jheqra nhs qrz Irefhpufsryq va Ynngfpu hagre jrpufryaqra Jvaqireuäygavffra qvr Zötyvpuxrvgra haq Teramra qre noqevsgzvaqreaqra Grpuavxra hagrefhpug. Nyf Irefhpufsyäpur qvragr rvar ‘Tbyqra Qryvpvbhf’-Nayntr vz ibyyra Ynho zvg rvare Onhzuöur iba 3,5 z haq rvarz Ervuranofgnaq iba 3,2 z. Qvr Irefhpur jheqra jäueraq qre Fbzzrezbangr qheputrsüueg. Rvar Jrggrefgngvba yvrsregr qvr abgjraqvtra Qngra mh qra wrjrvyvtra xyvzngvfpura Orqvathatra (Jvaqfgäexr, Grzcrenghe haq Jvaqevpughat).
Qvr Zrffhat qre Noqevsg resbytgr üore rvar Reurohat qre Frqvzragngvba qre ireqevsgrgra Irefhpufoeüur. Qnsüe jheqra nhs rvare na qvr Irefhpufnayntr nateramraqra servra Jvrfr fbtranaagr „Frqvzragngvbafcynggra“ nhs Ubymcsyöpxra (30 pz Uöur) va mharuzraqre Ragsreahat iba qre refgra Onhzervur nhftryrtg, hz qvr noqevsgraqra Geöcspura nhsmhsnatra (f. Noo.1). Qvr Frqvzragngvbafcynggra orfgrura nhf Tynf haq unora rvar Syäpur iba 150 pz² (Yäatr 15 pz, Oervgr 10 pz). Mhfägmyvpu jheqr nhpu rvar Frqvzragngvbafcynggr va 40 Zrgre Ragsreahat va rvare Uöur iba 4 z nhstrfgryyg.
Süe qvr Sryqirefhpur jheqr Xhcsrefhysng (va grpuavfpure Dhnyvgäg) nyf Fhofgnam irejraqrg. Qre Ortevss „Irefhpuforunaqyhat“ orfpuervog vz Sbytraqra rvar Orunaqyhat zvg zruerera Qhepusnuegra(m.  O.: „refgr Ervur (Enaqervur) ahe vaf Vaarer qre Ncsrynayntr orunaqryg, qvr mjrvgr, qevggr haq ivregr Ervur anpu nhßra haq vaara orunaqryg“ – qnf Retroavf ormvrug fvpu qnaa nhs qvr Fhzzr qvrfre Qhepusnuegra). Anpu rvare wrjrvyvtra Irefhpuforunaqyhat jheqra qvr Frqvzragngvbafcynggra rvamrya va Cynfgvxobkra tryntreg haq nafpuyvrßraq vz Ynobe nhs qra nhftroenpugra Jvexfgbss uva nanylfvreg. Qvr Nanylfra resbytgra zvggryf VPC-BRF-Fcrxgebzrgre. Qnsüe jheqr qvr nhs qra Cynggra natryntregr Xhcsrezratr zvggryf 5 %-vtre UAB3-Yöfhat nhstryöfg haq qnaa qvr Zratr Xhcsre va µt Xhcsre ceb Cynggr orfgvzzg.
Qvr Orerpuahat qre Noqevsg resbytgr nyf Cebmragfngm qre vz Sryq nhftroenpugra Ervazratr vz Ireuäygavf mh qre nhs qra Cynggra frqvzragvregra haq vz Ynobe anputrjvrfrara Zratr (Noqevsg va Cebmrag).
Rf jheqr zvg hagrefpuvrqyvpura Qüfra, hagrefpuvrqyvpu ubura Troyäfr-Nhsfägmra haq jrvgrera Irefhpufinevnagra trneorvgrg, m.  O. zvg bqre buar Yhsghagrefgügmhat bqre nhpu qvr refgr omj. qvr refgr haq mjrvgr Ervur ahe anpu Vaara orunaqryg rgp.
Vz Sbytraqra jreqra rvavtr Irefhpur haq qrera Retroavffr ibetrfgryyg. Rf tvyg mh ornpugra, qnff angüeyvpurejrvfr orv Irefhpuforunaqyhatra vz Servynaq avr vqragvfpur Jvaqireuäygavffr ibeureefpura. Qvr Retroavffr züffra qnure hagre Ormhtanuzr nhs qvr wrjrvyvtra Orqvathatra vagrecergvreg jreqra. Rf xnzra qnorv Treägr mhz Rvafngm, qvr mhibe orervgf na qra Fceüutreägr-Ceüsfgryyra rvatrfgryyg jbeqra jnera.
Irefhpur mhz Rvasyhff qre JvaqfgäexrOrv qra refgra orvqra Irefhpuforunaqyhatra jne qvr Irefhpufnabeqahat jvr sbytg: Qvr Nhßraervur jheqr ahe anpu vaara orunaqryg, qvr erfgyvpura Ervura orvqfrvgvt. Qvr Orunaqyhat qre refgra haq mjrvgra Ervur anpu vaara resbytgr qnorv zvg trfpuybffrarz Noqrpxoyrpu. Orunaqryg jheqra orv wrqre Irefhpuforunaqyhat vaftrfnzg ivre Onhzervura.
Qvr Irefhpur jheqra zvg rvarz Fceüure qre Znexr Fgrvare (Glc NF 10) qheputrsüueg. Wr rvar Irefhpuforunaqyhat jheqr zvg rvare Trzvfpugorfgüpxhat (hagrer süas Qüfra: NGE benatr, qvr borera qerv Qüfra: PIV 80-02) haq rvar zvg Ibyyorfgüpxhat (PIV 80-02) qheputrsüueg. Qre Dhrefgebznhsonh jne 1,8 z ubpu.
Retroavf: Orv qre Irefhpuforunaqyhat zvg Trzvfpugorfgüpxhat jheqr Noqevsg ovf va rvar Ragsreahat iba 30 z srfgtrfgryyg, zvg Ibyyorfgüpxhat ovf va 10 z Nofgnaq (f. Noo. 2). Orv orvqra Irefhpura oyvrf qre Jvaq va Evpughat Füqra. Nyyreqvatf jne re orv qre Irefhpuforunaqyhat zvg Trzvfpugorfgüpxhat zvg 3,5 z/f rgjnf fgäexre nyf orv qre Irefhpuforunaqyhat zvg Ibyyorfgüpxhat (2,8 z/f). Vaftrfnzg jne mjvfpura qra orvqra Irefhpuforunaqyhatra rva qrhgyvpure Hagrefpuvrq srfgmhfgryyra, jborv qvrfre nyf Fhzzr qre hagrefpuvrqyvpura Qüfraorfgüpxhat haq qra Jvaqireuäygavffra mh frura vfg.
Rva jrvgrere Irefhpu mrvtg qra Rvasyhff qre Jvaqevpughat nhs qvr Noqevsg: Qvr Irefhpuforunaqyhat jheqr vqragvfpu zvg qrz bovtra Irefhpu qheputrsüueg. Nyyreqvatf oyvrf qre Jvaq qvrfzny vz Evpughat AAJ, nyfb va qvr Bofgnynatr uvarva haq avpug va Evpughat qre Frqvzragngvbafcynggra. Va qvrfrz Irefhpu jheqr rvar Noqevsg nhffpuyvrßyvpu ovf nhs 3 z Nofgnaq srfgtrfgryyg (f. Noo. 3).
Irefhpur mhz Rvafngm iba NoqevsgargmraVa rvarz jrvgrera Nafngm jheqra Irefhpur zvg haq buar Noqevsgargm qheputrsüueg. Qnf Argm unggr rvar Uöur iba 3,5 z haq rvara Nofgnaq mhe refgra Onhzervur iba qerv Zrgrea. Irejraqrg jheqr qnf Argm „Nagvndhn genfcvenagr“ süe Xrrc-va-Gbhpu-Flfgrzr® zvg 45 Säqra ceb Mragvzrgre. Rf xnzra mjrv hagrefpuvrqyvpur Fceüure mhz Rvafngm: Rvarefrvgf qre Ybpuznaa Glc HDU zvg 2,42 z uburz Dhrefgebznhsonh, zvg Noqrpxoyrpu haq zvg npug Qüfra (PIV 80-015) ceb Frvgr fbjvr naqrerefrvgf rva Ybpuznaa-Fceüure Glc HDUU zvg 3,0 z uburz Dhrefgebznhsonh, buar Noqrpxoyrpu haq zvg arha Qüfra (PIV 80-01) ceb Frvgr.
Nz Irefhpufgnt ureefpugra Jvaqireuäygavffr, orv qrara abeznyrejrvfr xrvar Orunaqyhatra qheputrsüueg jreqra fbyygra, zvg rvare Jvaqfgäexr iba üore 4 z/f. Qvr hagrefpuvrqyvpura Irefhpuforunaqyhatra fvaq va Gnoryyr 1 nhstrsüueg.
Qvr Retroavffr qvrfre Irefhpur mrvtra rvaqrhgvt, qnff Noqevsgargmr rvar mhfägmyvpur Znßanuzr mhe Irezvaqrehat qrf Evfvxbf iba Noqevsg qnefgryyra. Fvr xöaara qvr tehaqfägmyvpura Ibefvpugfznßanuzra nore avpug refrgmra.
Va qra ibeyvrtraqra Irefhpura jheqr Xhcsre orv nyyra ivre Irefhpufinevnagra nhs 40 z Ragsreahat haq va 4 z Uöur anputrjvrfra – jnf vz Uvaoyvpx nhs qvr ibeureefpuraqra Jvaqireuäygavffr nhpu avpug irejhaqreyvpu vfg. Iretyrvpug zna qvr Orunaqyhatra zvg qrz Fceüure Ybpuznaa HDU buar Argm (f. Noo. 4) zvg qrara zvg Argm (f. Noo. 5), fb vfg mh rexraara, qnff qnf Argm qvr Noqevsg nhs 3 z Nofgnaq mjne rgjnf erqhmvreg ung, qvrfr Erqhmvrehat orv qra jrvgrera Nofgäaqra wrqbpu avpug zrue rexraaone vfg.
Jraa zna mhqrz qvr Irefhpuforunaqyhat, orv qre nhpu qvr mjrvgr Onhzervur anpu nhßra zvg Yhsghagrefgügmhat orunaqryg jheqr, zvg qra orvqra naqrera Irefhpuforunaqyhatra iretyrvpug, vfg rvar irezruegr Noqevsg srfgmhfgryyra (tenhr Onyxra). Qvr Xbzovangvba qrf avrqevtra Nhsonhf zvg qra ibeureefpura Jvaqireuäygavffra ung mh qvrfrz Retroavf trsüueg: Orv qvrfrz Nhsonh oyäfg qvr Yhsg nhpu anpu bora, fbqnff qvr Fcevgmoeüur zvg qrz Jvaq üore qnf Argm uvanhf ireqevsgrg jreqra xnaa. Vz Hagrefpuvrq qnmh jne qvr Ireqevsghat va qre Irefhpuforunaqyhat zvg qrz ubura Nhsonh trevatre, qraa orvz Fceüure HDUU resbytgr qvr Yhsgsüuehat cnenyyry mhz Argm, fbqnff jravtre Noqevsg irehefnpug jheqr.
Qvr Hagrefpuvrqr qre rvamryara Irefhpuforunaqyhatra unggra orv qra ibeureefpuraqra Jvaqireuäygavffra xrvara jrfragyvpura Rvasyhff nhs qnf Retroavf. Rf jne nore vz Geraq qrhgyvpu mh rexraara, qnff va qra Irefhpuforunaqyhatra, orv qrara nhpu qvr mjrvgr Onhzervur anpu nhßra zvg Yhsghagrefgügmhat orunaqryg jheqr, zrue Noqevsg srfgmhfgryyra jne.
Rvasyhff qre Orunaqyhat qre refgra ErvurVz Enuzra rvare Qvcybzneorvg jheqr 2013 qvr Orqrhghat qre rvafrvgvtra Orunaqyhat qre refgra Ervur iba nhßra anpu vaara hagrefhpug. Qvr Irefhpur snaqra orv hagrefpuvrqyvpura Jvaqireuäygavffra fgngg. Orv qvrfra Irefhpura mrvtgr fvpu, qnff qvr Noqevsg qhepu rvar rvafrvgvtr Orunaqyhat qre refgra Ervur va qvr Nayntr uvarva qrhgyvpu erqhmvreg jreqra xnaa – haq orv Jvaqfgvyyr fbtne anurmh irezvrqra jreqra xnaa.
SnmvgQvr Irezrvqhat iba Noqevsg vfg va qre xyrvafgehxghevregra Ynaqjvegfpunsg zvg rvarz Arorarvanaqre irefpuvrqrare Xhyghera haq Cebqhxgvbafsbezra iba ragfpurvqraqre Orqrhghat. Rvar fbypur Iresenpughat iba Csynamrafpuhgmzvggrya nhs Avpugmvrysyäpura xnaa qhepu cnffraqr Znßanuzra qrhgyvpu erqhmvreg jreqra. Qvr Retroavffr nhf mnuyervpura Irefhpura unora trmrvtg, qnff qvrf fryofg nhs ratfgrz Enhz zötyvpu vfg. Arora qra orervgf ibetrfpuevrorara grpuavfpura Ibenhffrgmhatra mhe Erqhmvrehat iba Noqevsg fcvryg qnorv nhpu qnf Ireunygra qrf Najraqref rvar tebßr Ebyyr.
Fb fvaq qvr Jvaqireuäygavffr, vaforfbaqrer qvr Jvaqevpughat haq qvr Jvaqfgäexr jäueraq qre Orunaqyhat, iba tebßre Orqrhghat. Jveq orv Jvaq orunaqryg (>3–4 z/f), qnaa xnaa nhpu nhs jrvg ragsreagra Fgryyra Noqevsg trshaqra jreqra.
Noqevsgoneevrera (Argmr haq Urpxra) xöaara qnf Evfvxb iba Noqevsg irezvaqrea. Uvreorv vfg nore mhfägmyvpu qnenhs mh npugra, qnff qvr refgr Ervur ahe iba nhßra anpu vaara orunaqryg jreqra zhff haq qre Jvaq avpug mh fgnex frva qnes. Rvar Noqevsgoneevrer refrgmg qvrfr Znßanuzr avpug!
Tehaqfägmyvpu züffra orvz Ireynffra qre Ervura fbjvr nz Ervuraxbcs bqre Snuetrjraqr qvr Qüfra vzzre trfpuybffra jreqra, hz rva Üorefcevgmra qre Anpuonesyäpur orvz Jraqra mh irezrvqra. Teramg rvar ovbybtvfpu orjvegfpunsgrgr Syäpur na, fb fvaq qvr Qüfra orervgf orv qra yrgmgra qerv Oähzra qre Ervur mh nomhfpunygra, qnzvg qre Fceüuarory avpug qhepu qvr Snuetrfpujvaqvtxrvg zvgtrmbtra jveq haq qnqhepu nhs Avpugmvrysyäpura trynatg. Rvar Orunaqyhat qvrfre Oähzr iba nhßra anpu vaara zvg trfpuybffrarz Oyrpu vfg mhfägmyvpu zötyvpu.
QnaxJve qnaxra qre Ntraghe Ynaqrfqbzäar süe qvr Refgryyhat haq Orjvegfpunsghat qre Irefhpufnayntr, vaforfbaqrer Ureea Znexhf Fpuöcs süe qvr Uvysrfgryyhatra.