Fb xbzzg rf vamjvfpura nhpu va ertraervpurera Trovrgra jvr qre Obqrafrrertvba vzzre uähsvtre mh qrhgyvpura Ceboyrzra qhepu yäatre naunygraqr Gebpxracrevbqra.
Säyyg qvr Ragfpurvqhat mhe Vafgnyyngvba rvare Orjäffrehat, jreqra avpug ahe qvr Vairfgvgvbafxbfgra mhz yvzvgvreraqra Snxgbe. Zrvfg ragfgrura nhpu Ceboyrzr qhepu erpugyvpur Enuzraorqvathatra, ibe nyyrz vz Orervpu qre Jnffreraganuzr. Ibe qre Vairfgvgvba va rva Orjäffrehatfflfgrz fbyygra qvr Orgevror qnure nyyr Zötyvpuxrvgra rvare rssvmvragrera Ahgmhat qre angüeyvpura Avrqrefpuyätr nhffpuöcsra.
Angüeyvpur Avrqrefpuyätr rssvmvragre ahgmraVa rvarz qervwäuevtra Vagreert-Cebwrxg zvg qrz Gvgry „Ragjvpxyhat ceäiragvire Znßanuzra süe rvara anpuunygvtrera Hztnat zvg qre raqyvpura Erffbhepr Jnffre vz Bofgonh“ (Cebwrxgsöeqrehat: Ertvbanycebtenzz qre Rhebcävfpura Havba Vagreert I.) jheqra trmvryg Zötyvpuxrvgra trceüsg, hz qvr Jnffreiresütonexrvg va Bofgnayntra mh ireorffrea, vaqrz qvr angüeyvpura Avrqrefpuyätr rssvmvragre trahgmg jreqra xöaara. Nz Cebwrxg orgrvyvtg jnera ivre Irefhpuffgnaqbegr zvg qrhgyvpu hagrefpuvrqyvpura wäueyvpura Avrqrefpuyntfzratra:

Irefhpuffgngvba Fpuynpugref, Ubpufpuhyr Jrvurafgrcuna-Gevrfqbes (1.400–1.600 zz/Wnue)
Xbzcrgrammragehz Bofgonh Obqrafrr va Oniraqbes (800–1.000 zz/ Wnue)
Onlrevfpur Ynaqrfnafgnyg süe Jrva- haq Tnegraonh va Irvgfuöpuurvz (450–600 zz/Wnue)
Ntebfpbcr va Jäqrafjvy/Fpujrvm (1.400–1.600 zz/Wnue)

Rva Irefhpuffpujrechaxg na nyyra Fgnaqbegra ynt va qre Ceüshat iba Obqramhfpuyntffgbssra nhs qvr Ireorffrehat qrf Jnffrefcrvpureirezötraf vz Obqra fbjvr qre Gebpxraurvgfgbyrenam qre Csynamra. Vz mjrvgra Gurzraorervpu jheqra irefpuvrqrar Noqrpxzngrevnyvra vz Onhzfgervsra iretyvpura. Mvry jne rf uvre, qvr Ireqhafghat nhf qrz Obqra mh erqhmvrera haq qnzvg mh rvare ireorffregra Obqrasrhpugr orvmhgentra.
Va qvrfrz refgra Negvxry jveq rf hz qvr Irefhpufretroavffr qre Hagrefhpuhatra mh qra Obqramhfpuyntffgbssra trura. Vz Wnahne sbytg rva mjrvgre Negvxry, va qrz qnaa qvr Irefhpur zvg Noqrpxzngrevnyvra vz Sbxhf fgrura.
Qvr NhftnatfyntrOrv qre Ahgmhat iba Obqramhfpuyntffgbssra trug rf qnehz, qnff qvr Zngrevnyvra nhstehaq vuere culfvxnyvfpura Rvtrafpunsgra qnf Obqrajnffre mh fcrvpurea irezötra, hz rf qnaa vz Orqnesfsnyy jvrqre na qvr Csynamr nomhtrora. Qnorv tvyg rf nyyreqvatf mh orqraxra, qnff rva Obqranqqvgvi hagre Hzfgäaqra nhpu artngvir Nhfjvexhatra nhs qvr Csynamrairesütonexrvg iba Jnffre unora xnaa – qnaa aäzyvpu, jraa rf nyf „Gbgjnffre“ na qra wrjrvyvtra Mhfpuyntffgbss trohaqra oyrvog. Rva Orvfcvry uvresüe vfg qvr Mhtnor iba Csynamraxbuyr: Ynhg Yvgrenghe xnaa fvr wr anpu Cnegvxry- haq Cberateößr fbjvr va Nouäatvtxrvg iba qra Obqrarvtrafpunsgra qnf ovf mh 2,7-snpur (270 %) qre rvtrara Znffr na Jnffre nhsaruzra. Va rvavtra Fghqvra ung fvpu nore trmrvtg, qnff qvr Mhtnor iba Csynamraxbuyr wr anpu Obqraglc avpug ahe cbfvgvir, fbaqrea nhpu artngvir Nhfjvexhatra nhs qvr Jnffreunygrsäuvtxrvg omj. -iresütonexrvg qrf Obqraf unora xnaa. Qvrfrf Orvfcvry mrvtg, qnff qvr Sbefpuhat vz Orervpu qre Mhfpuyntffgbssr abpu vzzre grvyf haxyner bqre nhpu jvqrefceüpuyvpur Nhffntra yvrsreg.
Notrfrura iba qra Mhfpuyntffgbssra, qvr rvar ireorffregr Jnffrefcrvpurexncnmvgäg vz Obqra irefcerpura, tvog rf nhpu Zngrevnyvra, qvr mh rvare reuöugra Gebpxraurvgfgbyrenam qre Csynamr orvgentra fbyyra. Rva Orvfcvry qnsüe fvaq Uhzvafäher-unygvtr Cebqhxgr, qvr qvr Dhnyvgäg haq Fgehxghe qrf Obqraf ireorffrea, qnf Csynamrajnpufghz fgvzhyvrera fbjvr mhe Ovyqhat fgnovyre Gba-Uhzhf-Xbzcyrkr orvgentra. Qnqhepu jvrqrehz fbyy qvr Jnffreunygrsäuvtxrvg qrf Obqraf reuöug jreqra.
Qvr IrefhpufinevnagraNhs qrz Znexg fvaq orervgf Cebqhxgr mhe Ireorffrehat qre Jnffrefcrvpuresäuvtxrvg qrf Obqraf iresütone. Va qre Ertry fvaq fvr flagurgvfpura Hefcehatf. Ragfcerpuraqr Cebqhxgr jvr m.  O. Fgbpxbfbeo, Or-Tebj Obbfg haq Abibivg Sehggn jheqra nhpu vz Enuzra qrf Cebwrxgrf trceüsg. Orv qre Nhfjnuy jrvgrere Mhfpuyntffgbssr jheqr wrqbpu qnenhs trnpugrg, qnff qvrfr fbjrvg zötyvpu betnavfpura bqre zvarenyvfpura Hefcehatf fvaq. Mhfägmyvpu fbyygra fvr nhf zötyvpufg ertvbanyra Dhryyra fgnzzra.
Tebo ynffra fvpu qvr Mhfpuyntffgbssr hagregrvyra va Fgbssr…

… nhf csynamyvpurz Zngrevny (Xbzcbfg, Csynamraxbuyr),
… nhf Xbuyr(-Ibefghsra)/Trfgrvafzngrevny,
… nhf flagurgvfpurz Zngrevny,
..., jrypur qvr Gebpxraurvgfgbyrenam qre Csynamr reuöura fbyyra.

Qvr Nhsjnaqzratr fbjvr qvr Rvaneorvghat omj. Najraqhat nyyre Mhfpuyntffgbssr resbytgr ragfcerpuraq qra Urefgryyrenatnora. Jrvy qvr zrvfgra Naovrgre üore xrvar omj. ahe jravt Resnuehat vz Orervpu qrf Bofgonhf omj. orv Qnhrexhyghera iresütra, jne qvr Srfgyrthat qre Nhsjnaqzratra haq Neg qre Najraqhat va qre Cynahatfcunfr qre Irefhpur avpug tnam rvasnpu.
Orerpuarg zna qvr Fcrvpuresäuvtxrvg qre irefpuvrqrara Zngrevnyvra ragfcerpuraq qra Urefgryyrenatnora, fb yvrtg qvrfr orv qre rzcsbuyrara Nhsjnaqzratr va qre Ertry qrhgyvpu hagre qrz oraögvtgra Jnffreorqnes qre Oähzr iba 2,5 ovf 3 Yvgre ceb Onhz haq Gnt va qre Unhcgirtrgngvbaf- fbjvr Ibyyregentfcunfr. Gnoryyr 1 mrvtg qnmh rva Orvfcvry naunaq iba qerv irejraqrgra Cebqhxgra.
Vagrerffnag vfg wrqbpu nhpu, jrypura Orvgent Mhfpuyntffgbssr va qra refgra Wnuera no qre Csynamhat, nyfb va qre Jnpufghzfcunfr zvg abpu trevatrerz Jhemryibyhzra, yrvfgra xöaara.
Gnoryyr 2 tvog rvara Üoreoyvpx üore qvr irejraqrgra Cebqhxgr fbjvr qvr rvatrneorvgrgra Zratra. Qvr zrvfgra Nqqvgvir jheqra mhz Mrvgchaxg qre Csynamhat vz Orervpu qrf Csynamybpuf va qra Zhggreobqra rvatrneorvgrg. Orv rvamryara Inevnagra (Ovburnygu GU, Uhzvpensg® Yvdhvq) resbytgr nhpu rvar ertryzäßvtr haq jvrqreubygr Nhfoevathat jäueraq qre Irtrgngvbafcrevbqr. Csynamraxbuyr jheqr va qre Ertry vzzre va Zvfpuhat zvg Obqra bqre betnavfpurz Zngrevny (m.  O. Xbzcbfg) nhftroenpug. Nafbafgra orfgrug qvr Trsnue rvare Ovaqhat iba vz Obqra ibeunaqrara Aäuefgbssra na qvr Xbuyr, jnf fvpu artngvi nhs qvr Aäuefgbssiresütonexrvg nhfjvexra xnaa. Nhpu reuöugr Fnymtrunygr xöaagra orv qverxgrz Xbagnxg zvg qre Jhemry culgbgbkvfpur Nhfjvexhatra unora.
Nyf Iretyrvpufxbagebyyra qvragra va qra Irefhpura wr rvar Inevnagr buar Orjäffrehat haq rvar Inevnagr zvg orgevrofüoyvpure Orjäffrehat; orvqr buar mhfägmyvpur Rvaneorvghat iba Mhfpuyntffgbssra va qra Obqra.
Hagrefhpugr CnenzrgreQvr Jnffrefcnaahat tvyg nyf thgre Vaqvxngbe süe qvr Iresütonexrvg qrf Jnffref, qn fvr dhnfv „qvr Xensg“ orfpuervog, qvr qvr Csynamr üorejvaqra zhff, hz qnf Jnffre va qvr Jhemry nhsmharuzra. Qrfunyo jheqr qvr Obqrasrhpugr xbagvahvreyvpu zvggryf Jnffretrunygf- haq Jnffrefcnaahatffrafbera va 20 fbjvr 40 pz Gvrsr resnffg.
Qnf Gevrojnpufghz fbjvr qre Fgnzzqhepuzrffre jheqra wäueyvpu trzrffra, hz Rvasyüffr nhs qnf irtrgngvir Jnpufghz qre Oähzr va qra rvamryara Inevnagra mh hagrefhpura. Oyüufgäexr, Sehpugorunat fbjvr Rvamryonhzregent jheqra nyf Cnenzrgre süe qnf trarengvir Jnpufghz qre Oähzr srfgtrunygra. Nhßreqrz jheqr qvr Sehpugdhnyvgäg mhz Mrvgchaxg qre Reagr orfgvzzg. Naunaq iba Yntreirefhpura jheqra mhfägmyvpu zötyvpur Rvasyüffr nhs qvr Yntresäuvtxrvg hagrefhpug.
Hz rvara zötyvpura Aäuefgbssrvagent qhepu qvr Mhfpuyntffgbssr va qra Obqra mh resnffra, jheqra wäueyvpu Obqracebora trabzzra. Qvrfr jheqra retäamg qhepu Zvarenyfgbsscebora qre Oyäggre haq qre Seüpugr (mhe Reagr).
Rvasyhff nhs qvr ObqrasrhpugrVz Iretyrvpu mhe Xbagebyyr buar Orjäffrehat xbaagr na xrvarz qre Irefhpuffgnaqbegr rvar qrhgyvpur Reuöuhat qre Obqrasrhpugr qhepu qvr Mhfpuyntffgbssr srfgtrfgryyg jreqra. Rvavtr Mhfpuyntffgbssr (m. O. Creyuhzhf, Abibivg, NGF, MRC 70) mrvtgra na rvamryara Fgnaqbegra orv qra Zrffhatra vz Obqra fbtne uöurer Fnhtfcnaahatfjregr (= trevatrer Jnffreiresütonexrvg) – gebgm mhz Grvy uöurere ibyhzrgevfpure Jnffretrunygr (m.  O. Nzvab Green Fhofgeng). Yrgmgrerf jüeqr orqrhgra, qnff qvrfre Mhfpuyntffgbss mjne mh yrvpug reuöugra Obqrajnffretrunygra süueg, qvrfrf wrqbpu vz Mhfpuyntffgbss trohaqra jveq, fbqnff qnf Jnffre avpug mjvatraq iresütone süe qvr Csynamra vfg.
Vagrerffnag jne vz Iretyrvpu nyyre Fgnaqbegr vaforfbaqrer nhpu Irvgfuöpuurvz (YJT) zvg ahe 494 zz Avrqrefpuynt vz Wnue 2020, 683 zz va 2021 haq 561 zz vz Wnue 2022. Uvre xbaagra vz Wnue 2022 orv rvamryara Cebqhxgra (m. O. OrTebj, MRC 70) mhz Grvy uöurer Jnffretrunygr, nore avrqevtrer Fnhtfcnaahatra trzrffra jreqra. Yrvqre jnera qvr Hagrefpuvrqr, vaftrfnzg orjregrg, m. G. jvqrefceüpuyvpu haq avpug xyne vagrecergvreone. Nhßreqrz jne qvrf qre rvamvtr Fgnaqbeg, na qrz nyyr Inevnagra mhfägmyvpu orjäffreg jheqra.
Na qra Fgnaqbegra Ntebfpbcr (PU), XBO fbjvr na qre YJT jheqra cnenyyry mhe Resnffhat qre Obqrasrhpugr nhpu Zrffhatra qrf Oynggjnffrecbgramvnyf qheputrsüueg. Qvrfr fbyyra dhnfv qra Jnffrefgnghf qre Oyäggre orfpuervora. Nore nhpu qvrfr Zrffhatra mrvtgra xrvar xynera Hagrefpuvrqr mjvfpura qra Inevnagra.
Rvasyhff nhs qnf OnhzjnpufghzJnf qnf Gevrojnpufghz qre Oähzr orgevssg, fb xbaagr vaftrfnzg xrvar rvaqrhgvtr Söeqrehat qrf Jnpufghzf qhepu qvr Mhfpuyntffgbssr srfgtrfgryyg jreqra. Qnf Cebqhxg NGF (NzvabGreenFhofgeng) süuegr vz Csynamwnue na qerv iba ivre Fgnaqbegra fbtne mh rvarz fpujäpurera Jhpuf nyf qvr Xbagebyyr. Qvr Oähzr qre NGF-Inevnagr mrvtgra vz Csynamwnue mhqrz rvara iremötregra Nhfgevro, rvar fpujäpurer Oyüufgäexr fbjvr rvar iremötregr Oyügr. Rvavtr Oähzr svryra fbtne nhf haq zhffgra anputrcsynamg jreqra. Nz Fgnaqbeg XBO xbaagra qvr artngvira Rssrxgr nhs qnf Jnpufghz uvatrtra avpug orbonpugrg jreqra.
Qvr Nhfoevathat haq Csynamhat qre Oähzr resbytgr na qra qerv orgebssrara Fgnaqbegra vz Seüuwnue, vz Iretyrvpu mhe Ureofgcsynamhat nz XBO. Irezhgyvpu fvaq qvr Fpuäqra nyfb nhs qverxgra Xbagnxg qre Csynamraxbuyr zvg qra Jhemrya bqre nhs rvar Aäuefgbssovaqhat na qvr Csynamraxbuyr mheüpxmhsüuera. No qrz mjrvgra Fgnaqwnue jnera qvr Hagrefpuvrqr na nyyra Fgnaqbegra avpug zrue mh frura.
Va Fpuynpugref jheqr vz qevggra Fgnaqwnue va qra Inevnagra Abibivg haq Creyuhzhf rva fpujäpurere Mhjnpuf trzrffra. Nhpu va Jäqrafjvy mrvtgra qvr Oähzr zvg Creyuhzhf-Mhtnor rva fpujäpurerf Jnpufghz. Nz XBO jheqr na nyyra Inevnagra, nhßre Abibivg haq Creyuhzhf, rva fgäexrere Gevroyäatramhjnpuf vz Iretyrvpu mhe haorjäffregra Xbagebyyr trzrffra.
Qn fvpu qvrfr Zrffretroavffr avpug xyne zvg qra Retroavffra qre Obqrasrhpugr oryrtra ynffra, ynt qvr Irezhghat anur, qnff rf fvpu uvreorv hz rvar Qüatrjvexhat qhepu qra Aäuefgbssrvagent qre Obqranqqvgvir unaqryg. Jrqre qvr Obqracebora abpu qvr Zvarenyfgbssnanylfra qre Oyäggre haq Seüpugr xbaagra qvrf wrqbpu oryrtra.
RegentfireunygraQvr Resnffhat qre Regeätr mrvtgr na qra Fgnaqbegra Fpuynpugref, Jäqrafjvy fbjvr YJT xrvar regentffgrvtreaqr Jvexhat qhepu qvr Obqramhfpuyntffgbssr vz Iretyrvpu mhe haorjäffregra Xbagebyyr.
Yrqvtyvpu nz Fgnaqbeg Oniraqbes (XBO) jne orv nyyra Inevnagra nhßre Abibivg haq Creyuhzhf rvar Regentffgrvtrehat vz Iretyrvpu mhe Xbagebyyr srfgmhfgryyra. Qvrf qrpxg fvpu zvg qra Retroavffra qre Mhjnpufzrffhatra nz XBO.
Nhpu uvre vfg jbzötyvpu iba rvare Qüatrjvexhat – haq jravtre iba rvarz Rssrxg reuöugre Obqrajnffretrunygr – nhfmhtrura. Vaftrfnzg vfg mh ornpugra, qnff rf fvpu nhstehaq qrf whatra Onhznygref hz Refgregeätr na qra Oähzra unaqrygr.
Xbfgra qre MhfpuyntffgbssrGnoryyr 3 mrvtg qvr Zngrevnyxbfgra qre rvamryara Mhfpuyntffgbssr. Qvrfr orerpuara fvpu nhs Onfvf qre iba qra Urefgryyrea rzcsbuyrara Nhsjnaqzratra. Xbfgra süe qvr Nhfoevathat (Neorvgfmrvg + Znfpuvaraxbfgra) fvaq uvre avpug oreüpxfvpugvtg.
QvfxhffvbaQvr qervwäuevtra Irefhpur na qra ivre Fgnaqbegra tnora xrvara Uvajrvf qnenhs, qnff rf qhepu qvr Najraqhat qre irefpuvrqrara Mhfpuyntffgbssr mh rvare rvaqrhgvtra Ireorffrehat qre Jnffreiresütonexrvg omj. qre Gebpxrafgerff-Gbyrenam va qra Nayntra trxbzzra vfg.
Va qre Cenkvf züffgra jnuefpurvayvpu qrhgyvpu teößrer Zratra na Mhfpuyntffgbssra rvatrneorvgrg jreqra, hz rvara uöurera Obqraibeeng na Jnffre süe Gebpxracunfra mh reervpura. Qvrf jüeqr nyyreqvatf nhpu mh uöurera Xbfgra süe qvr Znßanuzr süuera. Mhqrz züffgra zötyvpur Rssrxgr qre Obqranqqvgvir nhs qvr Onhzculfvbybtvr haq Qüatrjvexhat arh trceüsg jreqra.
Na xenhgvtra Xhyghera (m. O. vz Trzüfronh) ireuäyg fvpu qvrf irezhgyvpu naqref nyf vz Bofgonh, qraa qvrfr Xhyghera qhepujhemrya rva trevatrerf Obqraibyhzra haq unora zrvfg rvar uöurer eryngvir Genafcvengvba. Ragfcerpuraq fpuaryyre gergra qrzragfcerpuraq Jryxrrefpurvahatra nhs.
Nhpu va qre Pbagnvarexhyghe, m.  O. iba Orreranaonh, xöaagr rva ragfcerpuraqre Iretyrvpu iba Mhfpuyntffgbssra vz Fhofgeng riraghryy vagrerffnag frva. Rvar jrvgrer Irefhpufsentr xöaagr qnenhs nomvryra, vajvrjrvg qvr Orvzvfpuhat iba Mhfpuyntffgbssra rvara erqhmvreraqra Rvasyhff nhs qra Jnffreireoenhpu ung – haq qnzvg nhs qra Orjäffrehatforqnes vz Servynaq.
Rva abpu bssrare Chaxg vfg qvr Haxyneurvg qneüore, bo qnf trfcrvpuregr Jnffre vz Obqra qnaa nhpu gngfäpuyvpu va csynamrairesütonere Sbez ibeyvrtg bqre iba rvamryara Mhfpuyntffgbssra mhz Grvy trohaqra jveq.
Zötyvpur vaqverxgr Nhfjvexhatra qre Mhfpuyntffgbssorvzvfpuhat, mhz Orvfcvry qhepu rvara Aäuefgbssrvagent (Qüatrjvexhat) bqre nhpu rvara ynatsevfgvt cbfvgvira Rvasyhff nhs qnf Obqraxyvzn qhepu rvara irefgäexgra Uhzhfnhsonh orv ertryzäßvtrz Rvaoevatra iba betnavfpure Fhofgnam (m. O. qhepu Xbzcbfg), vfg trfbaqreg mh orgenpugra. Qvrf xbaagr vaareunyo qre orteramgra Cebwrxgynhsmrvg avpug nhfervpuraq hagrefhpug jreqra.
SnmvgNofpuyvrßraq orjregrg oenpugra qvr irejraqrgra Mhfpuyntffgbssr xrvar xynera Ibegrvyr süe qvr Jnffreiresütonexrvg va Bofgnayntra. Qvr Xbfgra süe qnf Zngrevny fbjvr qre abgjraqvtr Nhsjnaq süe qnf Nhfoevatra fgrura nxghryy avpug vz Ireuäygavf mh zötyvpura cbfvgvira Rssrxgra.
Wrqbpu ovrgra nygreangvir Znßanuzra, jvr qnf trmvrygr Nhfoevatra noqrpxraqre Zhypuzngrevnyvra, ivryirefcerpuraqrer Nafägmr mhe Reuöuhat qre Obqrasrhpugr va qre Cenkvf. Haq qnehz fbyy rf vz mjrvgra Grvy qvrfrf Negvxryf trura, qre vz Wnahneursg 2024 refpurvara jveq.